Roadmap for Implementing SDGs-Based Mathematics Learning in the Independent Curriculum: A Comparative Study of Indonesia and Singapore

Abstract

Background: This research is motivated by the need to integrate the values ​​of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 4, into mathematics learning in the Independent Curriculum. Although the Independent Curriculum provides flexibility through the P5 project, its implementation shows significant gaps, such as the dominance of conventional media and low teacher digital literacy. In contrast, Singapore has successfully implemented Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) systematically through the LLP and ALP, supported by teacher professionalism and data-driven policies.

Aims: This study aims to analyze the implementation of SDGs in mathematics learning in the Merdeka Curriculum and the Singapore National Curriculum and to compile a roadmap for the implementation of SDGs-based mathematics learning for the period 2025–2030.

Methods: The method used was descriptive qualitative, using systematic review techniques and international comparative studies. Data were collected through analysis of official curriculum documents from Indonesia and Singapore.

Result: The findings show that Indonesia has integrated the SDGs through P5, but not explicitly into the mathematics curriculum. The use of data-driven learning technologies remains low. Singapore has a centralized curriculum with strong ESD integration, uses environmental data for mathematical modeling, and demonstrates higher PISA performance. The comparative analysis identified gaps in pedagogy, teacher preparedness, and digital infrastructure.

Conclusion: The research resulted in a roadmap for strengthening SDG-based mathematics learning for 2025–2030, consisting of five pillars: curriculum evaluation, strengthening mathematics teacher competencies in ESD, developing SDG teaching modules, integrating sustainability values ​​into mathematical reasoning, and a data-driven evaluation system. This roadmap serves as a strategic reference for strengthening the implementation of the Independent Curriculum toward more contextual and sustainable mathematics learning.